The Nurse Leader s Responsibility Essay - 1608 Words

Today’s nurse leaders practice in very complex environments. Managers are asked to function in a way that presents their professional moral courage while providing an environment that is conducive to safe, quality patient care. The patient safety umbrella covers multiple portions of the health care industry. Because of the patient safety magnitude, health care systems are challenged to identify patient safety issues and solve them. As new problems arise they are often pushed under the patient safety umbrella. Nurse leaders are faced with determining how these patient safety additions affect them and their staff. Since patient safety and quality care are largely dependent upon the nursing staff, this paper will focus on the nurse leader’s responsibility to their staff and the legal implications when these responsibilities are not met. Aspects that determine whether or not a manager is successful in balancing their requirements include: staff hiring, training, evaluating, and disciplining; safe staffing levels; providing a safe workplace; successfully matching nursing skill with patient factors; and security of patient information. These areas are important in order for the leader and organization to remain in compliance with accrediting organizations as well as to defend against law suits which may ensue. Keywords: patient safety, workplace safety, staffing, patient information security NURSE MANAGER-EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES I. PATIENT SAFETY A. Magnitude B. BasicShow MoreRelatedLeadership And Management Approaches For Nursing1228 Words   |  5 Pagescan be avoidable compared to 36% of turnover considered to be unavoidable due to marriage, pregnancy, and other life events. (Booyens, S. (2007). Turnover. Cape Town: Juta Co, Ltd.). Nursing shortages and turnover continuous to present critical challenges in the all levels of healthcare. Several factors explain the cause of nursing turnover. Most of the time nurses supposed to work under stressful conditions for long hours, which can lead to job burnout and dissatisfaction results in making mistakesRead MoreNurse Management And Legal Responsibilities1368 Words   |  6 PagesNurse Management and Legal Responsibilities Health care has changed vastly over the years with advancements in all areas. Nurse management positions specifically must continue to evolve, and adapt to maintain the most efficient and safe care necessary. With areas of extreme growth, comes the increased responsibility to be aware and implement all legal considerations. The decisions and actions nurse managers make affect patients, themselves, and the entire health care system. Nursing is no longerRead MoreNursing Staff Is A Crucial Part Of The Healthcare Organizations1431 Words   |  6 Pageson the number of nurses but because their role is such an important part of patient care, scaling back goes without a cost to the quality of care that patients receive. In addition, this creates an avenue for low retention rates for nurses and can affect the recruitment status as well. An organization that hires low rate of nursing staff will have a difficult time recruiting experienced nurses. An organization that fails to retain nurses, spends money to replace that nurse. Orientation andRead MoreThree Major Components Of Nursing Leadership Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesactivities of people to achieve set goals or targets. Nursing leadership is all about every nurse providing, facilitating and promoting the best healthcare services to client and to the public. Leadership is a shared responsibility. (CNO 2012). The nursing profession need leaders that can build the capacity of nurses through mentoring, coaching, supporting, developing the expertise and management skills of nurses to make a difference to the quality of patient care at all levels of the profession ( McIntyreRead MoreThe Rising Of A New Nurse Leader1404 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rising of a New Nurse leader Introduction The making of a nurse leader takes education, training, and experience. Whatever the personality trait of a professional nurse, this self-discovery will only be a means to aim in becoming a nurse leader. A professional nurse in leadership is one that is transformational, involved in a professional organization, a change agent, and has a high Emotional Intelligence to be able to manage a team. She is aware and knowledgeable of the inevitable changes occurringRead MoreIn Recent Nursing Practice, There Are Several Different1707 Words   |  7 Pagesfunctional nursing; team nursing; primary nursing including hybrid forms; and nursing case management (Yoder-Wise, 2015). The goal and purpose of nursing care delivery systems is to serve as a framework for assigning workload (patients) to staff (nurses). Care delivery models are pivotal in nursing practice because the model has a direct impact on the quality of care provided to patients and thus, patient outcomes. It is also important to n ote that there is no correct or superior model. InsteadRead MorePolitical Awareness Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesPolitical Action Awareness Nurse leaders are aware that today’s health care system has many issues complicating the goal of quality patient care and outcomes for all. Nurse leaders must stay informed and become involved as an advocate influencing changes in policy, laws, and/or regulations that govern the health care system they practice in. At times the advocacy requires a nurse leader to become more involved beyond their immediate level of practice and into the world of politics and policyRead MoreThe Impact of Leadership and Management in Nursing1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe first study reviewed looked at the effect of patient-focused redesign on midlevel nurse managers role responsibilities and perceptions of work environment (Ingersoll, 1999, p. 21). The study was chosen because patient-focused redesign models are becoming increasingly popular and little research has been conducted regarding the results of these models on nurse leaders/managers. A review of published studies of Patient-Focused Redesign (PFR) suggests that models differ across institutionsRead MoreEssay Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management1273 Words   |  6 PagesManagement The current and growing shortage of nurses is posing a real threat to the ability of hospitals, long-term care facilities, and others to provide timely access to quality care. Nurse staffing shortages and nurse turn-over contributes to the growing reduction in the number of staffed patient beds available for services, increasing costs, and rising concerns about the quality of care. Health care organizations highly depend on nurse managers and leaders to reverse this trend. This paper discussesRead MoreRoles and Responsibilities of Leadership and Management in a Hospital1684 Words   |  7 PagesRoles and responsibilities of leadership and management in a hospital Introduction Leadership is a process in which a person influences others socially so that they can support him or her to accomplish a task that is common to them. It is not compulsory for a leader to have formal authority for them to be able to organize people in the achievement of this common task. There are several theories that attempt to describe the concept of leadership. These include: Early western history theory, Rise

Classical Essay - 780 Words

CLASS 1110 Second Paper Assignment Shonell Maynard In the books; The Clouds written by Aristophanes, and The Apology, written by Plato, the philosopher Socrates is portrayed in two different ways. Plato, being a loyal follower of Socrates, portrays him as being a very simple man who is always open to learning new wisdom. However, Aristophanes portrays him as an atheist who practices sophistry along with a number of different crimes. People question whether or not Plato exaggerated the character of Socrates in an effort to gain sympathy for him, while others question if Aristophanes wrote the book The Clouds to slander Socrates’ character.†¦show more content†¦Sadly, by doing so, Socrates is badly portrayed; which causes other people to misjudge and accuse him of serious crimes. In The Apology, Socrates’ character is totally different from what Aristophanes described him to be. He seems to be a very ethical man who strongly believes in morality, and is always striving to learn more. By doing so, he uses the Socr atic dialogue; a method of constantly asking questions to gain more knowledge. Because of his method of question and answer, Socrates believed that he was not favored by majority of the people of Athens, stating â€Å"I am very unpopular with many people.† (The Apology: 28: B) Although Socrates knew that he would be tried guilty, he wanted to obey the law by defending himself. He strongly believed that if a person makes an agreement, then they are obligated to follow that agreement at all times, therefore the people of Athens should always follow the law. The fact that Socrates refused to break out of jail, showed the type of moral man he was. He knew that it would set a bad example for his children, and disagreed with the idea of breaking the law. Socrates argues that a person who defies the law is an enemy of their own state and if someone disagrees with the law, they should either fight for a change, or leave the state. â€Å"Moreover, I think you are betraying your sons by going away and leaving them, when you could bring them up and educate them.† (The Apology: 45: C) Crito explains to Socrates that it isShow MoreRelatedClassical Vs. Classical Conditioning1295 Words   |  6 Pages Classical Conditioning Behaviorism Classical conditioning is a type of learning through which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another. It can also be known as respondent conditioning. The stimulus is any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds. The components of classical conditioning are as follows: Unconditioned response (UR) which is a response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning. Unconditioned Stimulus (US)Read MoreClassical And Instrumental Conditioning And Classical Conditioning Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesIn order to analyse classical and instrumental conditioning, it is required to first define the content from which they are derived from, that is learning. According to Domjan, learning  is  a long lasting change in the process of behaviour involving particular stimuli with or alternately responses that result from previous experiences with those or almost the same stimuli and responses (2009). There are several learning paradigms which take the behaviourist approach, but as previously mentioned thisRead MoreClassical Rome And Classical Greece1498 Words   |  6 Pagescivilizations, mainly Classical Rome and Classical Greece. Even though Greece had a tremendous influence over our civilization, out of these two classical civilizations, I believe that Classical Rome has had a bigger impa ct on many aspects of the contemporary United States. In this essay, I am going to examine the political system, economic system, and the architecture of the Classical Rome Empire, and explain how these influenced the contemporary United States. The political system of Classical Rome was theRead MoreWestern Classical And Classical Music1051 Words   |  5 Pagestrampoline, and notes oozing so much legato you would assume the pianist transformed into a robot. What genre exudes those characteristics? Western classical music. Western classical music is broken down into six categories in order for it to be easily identifiable chronologically. The six categories are the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Baroque Age, the Classical Period, the Romantic Era, and the Twentieth Century. The earliest form of Western music originates from the Medieval time period of c.1150-cRead MoreClassical Vs. Classical Conditioning890 Words   |  4 PagesClassical Conditioning Experiment Classical conditioning is an unconditioned stimulus which results to an unconditioned response, although bringing a neutral stimulus in the picture does not affect the unconditioned response. The only way you can turn a neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus is if you train an individual or animal with a frequent but similar technique. The results will be the similarity of the unconditioned response and the conditioned response. We as humans may not noticeRead MoreClassical Vs. Classical Conditioning1095 Words   |  5 PagesClassical Conditioning In this paper, Classical Conditioning is explored by first giving a general definition along with the general phases of basic classical conditioning. Then, more insight is given about the developers of this learning process and their experiments: Ivan Pavlov and his dog experiment and John B. Watson and Little Albert experiment. Finally, real-world applications of this learning process are introduced such as how to treat phobias, addictions and achieve good classroom behaviorRead MoreClassical Vs. Classical Conditioning Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesClassical conditioning is a learning process that develops when two stimuli are paired together repeatedly. The first stimulus is an unconditional stimulus, which automatically evokes an unconditioned response, a natural response. The second stimulus is a neutral stimulus, a stimulus that does not elicit a response. Many people associate it with habituation and sensitization, because both of these involve a decrease or an increase to a repeated stimulus, and are classified as simple learning mechanismsRead MoreThe Classical Age1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe Prideful, Yet Humble Athens Fifth century Athens was known as the Classical Age, which had brought many ideas, values and virtues to the rest of the world. After the Persian War, Athens began a time where art, literature, philosophy, theatre, and music influenced the world in such a manner, that we are still uncovering facts of ancient Athens today. The classical period was a time where the Greeks had great pride in what they accomplished. After years of war, Athens was victorious and able toRead MoreClassical Liberalism vs Classical Conservatism2089 Words   |  9 PagesClassical Liberalism VS Classical Conservatism Are you Republican or Democrat? Maybe you are Conservative or Liberal? What do these terms mean and how did they begin? Classical Conservatism is defined as â€Å"a political philosophy emphasizing the need for the principles of natural law and transcendent moral order.†(Frohnen, Beer, and Nelson, 2006) Classical Liberalism is described as â€Å"a philosophy committed to the ideal of limited government and liberty of individuals including freedom of religionRead MoreClassical Conditioning1770 Words   |  8 PagesClassical Conditioning Paper Psychology of Learning-PSYCH/550 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss classical conditioning. Much of the material has been covered in class discussion questions based on classical conditioning, allowing for a greater insight from the group of students providing the research of what classical conditioning is. Classical conditioning is defined as, â€Å"A process of behavior modification by which a subject comes to respond

Study Case Free Essays

CHAPTER 2I HUI4AN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 903 Case Office Equipment Company (OEC) director (a U. S. national) of the office Equipment Company (oEc) in Lima, Peru (see Map 2l . We will write a custom essay sample on Study Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now l), announced suddenly that he would leave within one month. The company had to find a replacement. OEC manufactures a wide variety of small office 1997, the managing ln equipment (such as copying machines, recording machines, mail scales, and paper shredders) in eight different countries and distributes and sells products worldwide. lt has no manufacturing facilities in Peru but has been selling and servicing there since the early 1970s. OEC first tried selling in Peru through independent importers but quickly became convinced that in order to make sufficient sales it needed to have its own staffthere. Despite Peru’s political turmoil, which at times has bordered on being a full-scale civil war, OEC’S operation there (with about 100 employees) has enjoyed good and improving sales and profitability. OEC is constructing its first factory in Peru that is scheduled to begin operations in early 1999. This factory will import components for personal computer printers and assemble them locally. Peru offers an abundant supply of cheap labor, and the assembly oPeration will employ approximately 150 people. The government will allow up to I0 percent of the output to be sold locally. By assembling locally and then exporting, oEC expects to be able to ward off trade restrictions on the other office equipment it imports for sale within Peru. This plant! construction is being supervised by a U. S. rechnical ream, and a U. S. expatriate will be assigned to direct the production. This director will report directly to OEC’s U. S. eadquarters on all production and quality-control matrers but will rePort to the managing director in Peru on all other matters, such as accounting, finance, and labor relations. OEC, by policy, will replace the exiting managing director with an internal candidate. The company employs a combination of home-, host-, and third-country nationals in top positions in foreign countries, and managers commonly rotate among foreign and U. S. locations. ln fact , it has been increasingly evident to OEC that international experience is an important factor in deciding who will be appointed to top corporate positions. The sales and service facility in Peru reports to a Latin American regional office located in Coral Gables, Florida. A committee at this office, charged with selecting the new managing direc- tor, quickly narrowed its choice to five candidates. Tom A thirty-year OEC veteran, Zimmerman is well versed in all the technical and sales aspects required in the job. He has never worked abroad for OEC but has visited various of the company’s foreign facilities as part of sales teams. He is consid- Zimmerman ered competent and will retire in about four and a half years. Neither he nor his wife speaks Spanish. Their children are grown and living with their own children in the United States. Zimmerman currently is in charge of an operation that is aboutthe size of that in Peru after the new factory begins operating. However, Zimmerman’s present position will become redundant because the operation he heads is being merged with another. Brett Harrison Harrison, 40, has spent fifteen years at OEC. Considered highly compehas tent and capable of moving into upper-level management within the next few years, he 904 PART 7 FUNCTIONAL I’. ANAGEI’1 ENT, OPERATIONS. AND CONCERNS PERU Population 22. 3 million Monetary unit New sol Major languages Span ish Quech ua Aymara Largest city Lima Major industrial areas Arequipa Chimbote Cuzco lquitos Lima Talara Map 2l. l Peru never been based abroad but has worked for the last three years in the Latin American regional office and frequently travels to Latin America. Both he and his wife speak Spanis h adequately, and their two children, ages I 4 and I 5, are just beginning to study the His wife holds a responsible marketing position with a pharmaceuticals company. Carolyn language. Moyer Moyer joined OEC twelve years ago after getting her MBA from a pres- tigious university. 4t37, she has already moved between staffand line positions of growing responsibility. For two years, she was second in command of a product group that was aboutthe size of the newly expanded one in Peru. Her performance in that. postwas considered excellent. Currently, she works on a planning staffteam. When she joined OEC, she indicated her interest in eventual international responsibilities because of her undergraduate major in international affairs. She has recently expressed interest in international duties because of a belief it will help her advancement. She speaks Spanish well and is unmarried. Francisco Cabrera Cabrera, 35, currently is an assistant managing director in the larger Mexican operation, which produces and sells for the Mexican market. A Mexican cit- for OEC in Mexico for all his twelve years with the company. He holds an MBA from a Mexican university and is considered to be a likely candidate to head the Mexican operation when the present managing diiector retires in seven years. He is married with four children (ages 2 to 7) and speaks English adequately. His wife does not work izen, he has worked outside the home or speak English. CHAPTER 2I HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 905 Juan Moreno At27, Moreno is assistant to the present managing director in Peru. He has held that position since joining OEC upon his U. S. college graduation four years ago. Unmarried, he is considered competent, especially in employee relations, but lacking in experience. He had been successful in increasing OEC’s sales, in part because he is well connected with local families who can afford to buy new office equipment for their businesses. Questions l. Which candidate should ihe committee choose for the assignment, and whyl 2. What problems might each candidate encounter in the position? 3. 4. How might OEC go about minimizing the problems that each candidate would have in managing the Peruvian operations? Calculate an estimated compensation package for each candidate based on the following additional inf6rmation: Present annual salaries: Zimmerman, U5$70,000; Harrison, US$75,000; Moyer, US$65,000; Cabrera, M$ I 24,000; Moreno, 557,000 a Exchange rates: $ I: M$3. 1 (Mexican pesos);$ I: S 1. 9 (Peruvian new sols) o f income for a family of one, 40 percent for a family of two, 45 percent for a family of four, and 50 percent for a family of five or more: Washington, D. C. : 100; Lima : 86;Mexico City :77 U. S. Department, of State foreign-service premiums for Peru: hardship : l5 percent; danger: l5 percent U. S. Department of State cost-of-living index based on items covering 35 percent a a o Schooling allowance: age 6-12 : US$5000;ag e 3-18 : US$9000 Average tax rates: Mexico : 20 percenq United States : 25 percent; Peru : I Housing allowance (nontaxable): single : US$ 12,100;family : US$ 15,000 0 percent Chapter Notes l. The data for the case were taken from Edwin McDowell, â€Å"Making lt in America: The Foreign-Born Executive,† New York Times, June I, 1980, Section 3, p. l+; Don Whitehead, The Dow Story (New York McGraw-Hill, I968); â€Å"Lundeen Urges More Aid for Universities,† Chemrcal Marlceting Reporter, Yol. 224, No. 19, November 7, 1983, p. 3+;Paul L. Blocklyn, â€Å"Developing the lnternational Executive,† Personnel, Vol. 66, March 1989, pp. September 14,1992, p. 5; â€Å"Popoffon Challenges for Dow and for the lndusvy|’ Chemical Wee( May 18, 1994, pp. 26-28; and Susan J. Sinsworth, â€Å"lssues Management ls Central to Frank Popoff’s Globalization Strategy,† Chemlcol Engineering News, Vol. 72, No. 21, May 23, 1994, pp. 25–29. 2. Gary R. Oddou and Mark E. Mendenhall, â€Å"Succession Planning for the 2 l st Cen- European Management lournol, Yol. I 4, No. 4, August 1996, pp. 365-373. 4. â€Å"Globesmanship,† Across the Board, Yol. 27, Nos. l, 2, January-February 1990, p. 26, quoting Michael Angus. 5. Daniel Ondrack, â€Å"lnternational Transfers of Managers in North American and European MNEs,† Journol of lnternailonol Business Studies, Vol. 16, No. 3, Fall 1985, pp. l-19;andJohn M. Hannon, lngChung Huang, and Bih-Shiaw Jaw, â€Å"lnternational Human Resource Strategy and Its Determinants: The Case of Subsidiaries in Taiwan,†Journal of lnternotionol Business Studies, Vol. 26, No. 3, Third Quarter 1995, pp. 53 l-554. 4447; â€Å"Globesmanship,† Across the Boor4 Vol. 27, Nos. l,2,January-February 1990, pp. 24-34;William Storck, â€Å"Dow Chemical Changes Executive Lineup,† Chemical ond Engineering News, tury: How Well Are We Grooming Our Future Business Leadersl† Business Horizons, January-February I 99 I, pp. 26-34. 3. Gordon Petrash, â€Å"Dow’s Journey to a Knowledge Value Management Culture,† How to cite Study Case, Essay examples

The One Child Policy Essay Sample free essay sample

The One Child Policy has been in topographic point in China since 1962. The policy has become a mixed-blessing for that state. The ‘Little Emperor’ syndrome has become prevailing but in world these ‘Little Emperor’ will subsequently turn up to go ‘Little Eunuchs. ’ This paper will reason that. based on the Chinese Experiment. a one kid policy is incorrect and being an lone kid is harmful to a child’s well-being. The One Child policy has resulted in a drastic bead in China’s Total Fertility Rate ( TFR ) . From 5 Children to 1. 7 birth per adult female. an about 70 % bead in TFR ( Has China’s one-child policy worked? ) . It is estimated that China’s population is over 400 Million less than it should be had the policy non been implemented ( Has China’s one-child policy worked? ) . Although there are ways of overthrowing the policy in general the public follows fearing the heavy ‘social maintainance revenue enhancement ( Qiang ) ’ For illustration. We will write a custom essay sample on The One Child Policy Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page wealthy Chinese travel to other states to hold their kids to liberate them from the limitation of the one Child regulation ( Qiang ) . However. despite the great decrease in population and the attendant economic. in footings of GDP. growing. The one kid policy has non been without its costs. For illustration. the current ratio of males to females in China is 1. 134 to 1 for those under 15 old ages ( CIA ) . This is a consequence the traditional male prejudice of the Chinese. Since adult females can non. realistically. command the gender of the kid they give birth to. what so happened to the misss? The upseting fact is that they are aborted or if given the opportunity to be born they are thrown off similar refuse ( Yardley ) . In fact. those rural males who were born in the last 20 old ages run a really existent hazard of turning up ‘little eunuchs’ because there are no adult females in their countries for them to get married. Ignoring the too bad destiny of these unborn misss. the male childs and misss. who are lucky plenty to populate. besides suffer maladies because of being an lone kid. The Small Emperor Syndrome ( Lim ) is a popular term used to depict the Children who grew up under the one Child policy in the more flush vicinities of China. For illustration. person who was born in Beijing in recent old ages. A Small Emperor is defined as spoilt. egoistic and seldom capable of holding normal dealingss with his equals ( Lim ) . A Small Emperor is the consequence of the blending between the one kid policy and the rapid economic growing experience in these countries. The parents of a Small Emperor are typically professionals or extremely paid working category persons who saw their rewards quickly lifting and their disbursement power addition exponentially. Having grown up in a deprived centrally planned economic system they have a feeling of want when they were younger ( Lim ) . Hence. they would wish to better supply for their kid and because he is an lone kid with two well paid parents the sum of stuff indulgence can be rather important. Contrast this with a household of four kids with every bit good gaining parents. The parents would non be able to give the material things granted to an lone kid because their financess would be divided by four. In fact. it is an recognized regulation that an Lone Child will normally be populating half an economic category higher than if he had brothers or sisters. For illustration. a Upper Class C merely child can really behave his life manner as if he were a lower Class B because his parents can afford to featherbed him more. The Little Emperor Syndrome is non limited to China. In the US and in Europe TFR’s are worsening. Many adult females in the US and Europe choose their callings over holding kids early on and as a consequence have trouble bearing kids. Increased economic prosperity has besides resulted in a lessening in figure of kids. Even in Western states The Little Emperor is really at a disadvantage. With today’s gyrating costs of instruction The small Emperor is at an advantage since as mentioned earlier his parents are better able to supply for him. He will hold entrees. if he so desires. to a higher degree of instruction in Universities. The Small Emperor. much later on. will besides hold the blessing of inheriting all his parents assets after they pass off. However. his advantages are non with out cost. Since both his parents are likely to be working. The Small Emperor has no 1 to look after him except for a baby-sitter. this deficiency of emotional bonding with his household will hold effects subsequently on in life. Furthermore. with no older siblings he must seek equal company elsewhere and put on the line coming into contact with Gangs or other illicit elements. With the parents so busy working they may non be able to observe marks of delinquency in their kids until it is excessively late. The Little Emperor is munificent with material goods by difficult working parents. However. there is a really existent possibility that the parents are non able to run into the child’s emotional demands. In fact. it is rather possible that parents can be wholly absent in his life with the exclusion of the material goods they give him. For deficiency of a better term. an lone kid deficiencies love. By comparing a kid with siblings will be able to organize emotional bonds with them. Leting for a more wholesome development for the kids. Subsequently in life the kids can besides trust on each other for common support and encouragement as they go about their grownup lives. After all. blood is still thicker than H2O. In decision. as shown by the Chinese illustration being an lone kid is incorrect. A Small Emperor may derive economic advantages but these advantages are outweighed be the psychological and emotional loads that an lone kid must bear. Reference List Has China’s one-child policy worked? Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7000931. short-term memory ( last accessed 29 Nov 07 ) See Guo Qiang Are the rich disputing household planning policy? Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. chinadaily. com. cn/china/2006-12/28/content_770107. htm ( Last Accessed 29 Nov 07 ) JIM YARDLEY â€Å"Today’s Face of Abortion in China Is a Young. Unmarried Woman† New York Times 13 May 2007 available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nytimes. com/2007/05/13/world/asia/13abortion. hypertext markup language? _r=1 A ; oref=slogin Lim. Louisa. â€Å"Mental wellness frights in China† . BBC. 11 October. 2004. available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bbc. co. uk/worldservice/learningenglish/newsenglish/witn/2004/10/041011_china_children. shtml ( last accessed 29 Nov 07 ) â€Å"World Fact Book: China† . CIA. available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Central Intelligence Agency. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch. hypertext markup language ( last accessed 29 Nov 07 )

How We Have Bubble Gum Today

How We Have Bubble Gum Today In the early 1900s, Americans could not get enough of the modern-day variation on the lip-smacking confection called bubble or chewing gum popularized by Thomas Adams. The popular treat has a long history and has come in many forms over time. Earliest Record of Chewing Gum A variation of chewing gum has been used by ancient civilizations and cultures around the world. It is believed that the earliest evidence we have of chewing gum dates back to the Neolithic  period. Archeologists discovered  6,000-year-old chewing gum made from  birch bark tar, with tooth imprints  in Finland. The tar from which the gums were made is believed to have antiseptic properties and other medicinal benefits. Ancient Cultures   Several ancient cultures used chewing gum regularly. It is known that the ancient Greeks chewed mastiche, a chewing gum made from the resin of the mastic tree. The ancient Mayans chewed chicle, which is the sap of the sapodilla tree. Modernization of Chewing Gum In addition to the ancient Greeks and Mayans, chewing gum can be traced back to a variety of civilizations around the world, including the Eskimos, South Americans, Chinese and Indians from South Asia. The modernization and commercialization of this product mainly took place in the United States. Native Americans chewed resin made from the sap of spruce trees. In 1848, American John B. Curtis picked up on this practice and made and sold the first commercial chewing gum called the State of Maine Pure Spruce Gum. Two years later, Curtis started selling flavored paraffin gums, which became more popular than spruce gums. In 1869, Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna introduced Thomas Adams to chicle, as a rubber substitute. It did not take off as a use for rubber, instead, Adams cut chicle into strips and he marketed it as Adams New York Chewing Gum in 1871. Potential Health Benefits Gum can be credited for several health benefits, such as potentially increasing cognition and brain function after chewing the gum. An additive and sugar substitute xylitol has been found to reduce cavities and plaque in teeth.   Another known effect of chewing gum is that it increases saliva production. Increased saliva can be a good way to keep the mouth fresh, which is helpful for reducing halitosis (bad breath). Increased saliva production has also been found to be helpful following surgery involving the digestive system and for the possible reduction of digestive disorders, such as GERD, also known as acid reflux. Timeline of Gum in Modern Times Date Chewing Gum Innovation December 28, 1869 William Finley Semple became the first person to patent a chewing gum, U.S. patent No. 98,304 1871 Thomas Adams patented a machine for the manufacture of gum 1880 John Colgan invented a way to make chewing gum taste better for a longer period of time while being chewed 1888 Adams chewing gum called Tutti-Frutti became the first chew to be sold in a vending machine. The machines were located in a New York City subway station. 1899 Dentyne gum was created by New York druggist Franklin V. Canning 1906 Frank Fleer invented the first bubble gum called Blibber-Blubber gum. However, the bubble blowing chew was never sold. 1914 Wrigley Doublemint brand was created. William Wrigley, Jr. and Henry Fleer were responsible for adding the popular mint and fruit extracts to a chicle chewing gum 1928 Walter Diemer, employee of Fleers company, invented the successful pink colored Double Bubble bubble gum. 1960s U.S. manufacturers switched to butadiene-based synthetic rubber as a base for gum, because it was cheaper to manufacture

Definition and Discussion of Feminist Rhetoric

Definition and Discussion of Feminist Rhetoric Feminist rhetoric is the study and practice of feminist discourses in public and private life. In content, says Karlyn Kohrs Campbell*, feminist rhetoric drew its premises from a radical analysis of patriarchy, which identified the man-made world as one built on the oppression of women...In addition, it incorporates a style of communication known as consciousness-raising (Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, 1996). See Examples and Observations below. Also, the following readings provide examples and related concepts: Seneca Falls ResolutionsLanguage and Gender StudiesSusan B. Anthony and the struggle for womens right to voteRogerian Argument Examples and Observations The following examples and observations consider feminist rhetoric through different lenses, offering more contexts for understanding. Evolution of Feminist Rhetoric In the 1980s, feminist rhetoric scholars began making three moves: writing women into the history of rhetoric, writing feminist issues into theories of rhetoric, and writing feminist perspectives into rhetorical criticism. Initially, these scholars drew on feminist scholarship from other disciplines...Once inspired, however, feminist rhetoric scholars began writing scholarship from the site of rhetoric and composition... In the midst of this scholarly activity, intersections of rhetoric and feminist studies have been institutionalized within rhetoric and composition studies, thanks largely to the work of the Coalition of Women Scholars in the History of Rhetoric and Composition, which was organized by Winifred Horner, Jan Swearingen, Nan Johnson, Marjorie Curry Woods, and Kathleen Welch in 1988-1989 and was carried on by scholars such as Andrea Lunsford, Jackie Royster, Cheryl Glenn, and Shirley Logan. In 1996, the first edition of the coalitions newsletter, Peitho, was published by [Susan] Jarratt. Source: Krista Ratcliffe, The Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries. The Present State of Scholarship in the History of Rhetoric: A Twenty-First Century Guide, ed. by Lynà ©e Lewis Gaillet with Winifred Bryan Horner. University of Missouri Press, 2010 Rereading the Sophists We see a more community-based social version of feminist ethics in Susan Jarratts Rereading the Sophists. Jarratt views sophistic rhetoric as a feminist rhetoric and one with significant ethical implications. The sophists believed that law and truth derived from nomoi, local habits or customs that could change from city to city, region to region. The philosophers in the Platonic tradition, of course, challenged this sort of relativism, insisting on the ideal of Truth (logos, universal laws that would be acommunal). Source: James E. Porter, Rhetorical Ethics and Internetworked Writing. Ablex, 1998 Reopening the Rhetorical Canon The feminist rhetorical canon has been guided by two primary methodologies. One is feminist rhetorical recovery of previously ignored or unknown women rhetors. The other is theorizing of womens rhetorics, or what some have called gendered analysis, which involve developing a rhetorical concept or approach that accounts for rhetors who are excluded from traditional rhetoric. Source: K.J. Rawson, Queering Feminist Rhetorical Canonization. Rhetorica in Motion: Feminist Rhetorical Methods Methodologies, ed. by Eileen E. Schell and K.J. Rawson. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010 [F]eminist rhetoric frequently occurs away from the platforms and statehouses of government. Feminist scholarship in rhetorical studies, as Bonnie Dow reminds us, must turn its attention to the variety of contexts in which feminist struggle occurs. Source: Anne Teresa Demo, The Guerrilla Girls Comic Politics of Subversion. Visual Rhetoric: A Reader in Communication and American Culture, ed. by Lester C. Olson, Cara A. Finnegan, and Diane S. Hope. Sage, 2008 A Feminist Rhetoric of Motives A feminist rhetoric of motives can recover the voices and philosophies of women in classical antiquity by restoring to feminine traits and voices the honor of a tradition (see [Marilyn] Skinner) and by granting them the human quality of agency (see, e.g., [Judith] Hughes). [James L.] Kinneavy wants to recover the positive aspects of persuasion under the heading of the audiences volition, free will, and assent, and is successful in this enterprise by borrowing for pisteuein [belief] elements gleaned from scanning forward into Christian pistis. The feminine aspects of persuading that have been denigrated as seduction can be similarly rescued through an examination of the close ties among emotion, love, adhesion, and persuasion in the pre-Socratic lexicon. Source: C. Jan Swearingen, Pistis, Expression, and Belief. A Rhetoric of Doing: Essays on Written Discourse in Honor of James L. Kinneavy, ed. by Stephen P. Witte, Neil Nakadate, and Roger D. Cherry. Southern Illinois University Press, 1992

Business Codes of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Codes of Ethics - Essay Example A well designed code of ethics will help highlight the resources available to achieve various goals set at the personal and corporate levels. A good code of ethics document will inspire confidence in all business associates – like suppliers, clients and employees. The rest of the essay will critically analyze the codes of ethics of two accounting firms and evaluate their merits in the process. The two firms chosen for the exercise are KPMG and Grant Thornton (Budd, 2007). â€Å"At KPMG, our promise of professionalism to each other, our clients, and the capital markets we serve, compels us to align our culture of integrity with our values, words, and actions. By setting high standards for ourselves, and our clients, our commitment to upholding KPMG’s values is clear: There is never a situation when compromising our standards is either expected or acceptable. To support our culture of integrity, KPMG has further developed a robust ethics program that includes our Code of Conduct, as well as the Ethics and Compliance Hotline†. (Budd, 2007) The above passage captures the essence of what KPMG stands for as an organization. The language is unambiguous and the sentences are well structured – two essential qualities for business writing. It also makes it clear how imperative ethics are to the firm – not compromising their standards in any situation. Keeping pace with the times they have developed a easy to use Ethics and Compliance Hotline, which can be availed by all business associates. So, in this regard, KPMG adheres to international standards of maintaining ethical business conduct (Shearer, 2002). â€Å"Being at the cutting edge of professional development is vital for an accounting and advisory organization operating in a dynamic business and regulatory environment. By taking an active role in entities that liaise with regulators, promoting high-quality professional standards and insisting upon high standards of ethical behavior, senior