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Linguistics and Language free essay sample

In this exposition, I will clarify just as analyze two speculations of first language securing, behaviorism and innatism. I will investigate the contrasts between them in such classes as the job of the student, the job of the earth and just as their qualities and shortcomings. I will at that point state and clarify which one I discover progressively legitimate with instances of applicable writing. Job of the Learner Behaviorism, credited to B. F. Skinner during the 1950s, expresses that the student realizes nothing to begin with, he is a vacant record [o1] to be educated. The student is aloof and learns by positive-negative fortification, just rehashing what he hears. Innatism, credited to Noam Chomsky in 1965, states that the student is wired from birth for language. The student is furnished with a LAD, a language obtaining gadget. This gadget permits the student to find the standards of his language, any language. We will compose a custom paper test on Semantics and Language or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Job of the Environment Behaviorism expresses that the job of the earth is critical and crucial to the learning procedure. Nature is the dynamic specialist while the student is the latent operator. The earth delivers the essential language contribution for the student. It is dependent upon the earth to give positive and negative support for the student. Innatism expresses that the job of the earth is insignificant in light of the fact that it just goes about as the trigger for learning. It is additionally thought the earth is defective and can’t be depended upon to consistently give flawless data. In this manner, it is dependent upon the student to discover the principles of the language[o2] . Qualities There are a couple of qualities to help the behaviorism hypothesis. It is anything but difficult to screen the learners’ execution. This is the means by which guardians (as educators) for the most part show their youngsters, through supporting which puts accentuation on the job of the earth. This hypothesis can likewise clarify why students can retain. Then again, there are a few qualities of the innatism hypothesis. A student can't remember all the conceivable diverse language and syntax mixes that he learns through nature. The LAD causes the student to sum up rules and make his own innovative utilization of the language. A youngster will oppose utilizing an unpredictable structure in view of over-summing up, and he will make his own type of a word as indicated by the principles that he has disguised. Also, these standards don’t fundamentally fit in with grown-up sentence structure rules which incorporate numerous exemptions. By applying these disguised and summed up rules, a youngster can gain a language at a quick pace. [o3] Weaknesses The Behaviorism hypothesis just records for the exhibition of the student, and not on his fitness. The student is latent, so this hypothesis doesn't concentrate on the learner’s brain and information. It additionally doesn't clarify why youngsters gain a language so immediately regardless of whether they are presented to various situations. Likewise, this hypothesis additionally doesn’t offer a clarification of why kids over-sum up rules, for example, the straightforward past tense of unpredictable action words despite the fact that they hear sporadic structures in nature. There are likewise a few shortcomings to the Innatism hypothesis. One of the primary shortcomings is that it requests the presence of the Language Acquisition Device (LAD), its reality is hard to demonstrate and is tremendous. This hypothesis likewise doesn’t consider various types of students, simply perfect students with perfect syntax. Nature assumes a minor job in this hypothesis, so it doesn’t consider the social part of the student. My Opinion Looking at the two of these hypotheses, I discover the Innatism hypothesis the most valid. I would say with my youngsters and understudies, the students don't constantly show my conduct. This generally happens with sporadic examples, especially past tense action words. This is like the â€Å"wug† test where a kid will frame a past tense of an action word that he has never heard by applying the general sentence structure decides that he has learned. This conduct can't be remembered and should be driven by an inside structure. Another motivation to help this hypothesis is that students with weakened knowledge have had the option to gain proficiency with the structure of language. It has likewise been demonstrated that American Sign Language which is educated to the hard of hearing additionally has its own language structure. Furthermore, the formation of Creole dialects bolsters the hypothesis. As a Creole creates, language and structure are implicit. The LAD would represent the development of these dialects just as for imaginative employments of language by a student. End In this article I have clarified two hypotheses of language securing, behaviorism and innatism. In doing as such, I have clarified the various jobs of the student just as the earth. I have likewise investigated qualities and shortcomings of every hypothesis and why I bolster the innatism hypothesis over the behaviorism theory[o4] . [o1]Good one, I overlooked this in my article [o2]Do you figure you should specify neediness of improvement here? [o3]ording? Widespread punctuation is worked off of two suggestions, that all dialects are administered by a lot of all inclusive standards, and that the brain is furnished with parameters which are set naturally by the youngster as per the language input they get. UG scientists have discovered various all inclusive standards. One of the more unmistakable standards is structure reliance. Structure reliance expresses that all sentences paying little heed to the language are worked off of recommendations that convey both a thing and an action word state; at the end of the day, each sentence in each language must have at any rate a subject and an action word (Chomsky, 1959). One parameter setting that is contained in the LAD is the head setting. A few dialects, for example, English are head first, different dialects, for example, Japanese are head last. Different contentions have been utilized to help the presence of widespread language structure. Chomsky (1959) has proposed the neediness of the improvement contention, setting that the info youngsters get can't represent what they produce, and in this manner, kids must have an intrinsic office. He contends that the information is defaced in two different ways; first it contains a mishmash of execution slips, and besides, it doesn't contain any negative proof. How do youngsters gain language when they don’t know what they can’t state, or how would they figure out how to talk effectively when the information they here is on occasion in right? They do as such, as indicated by Chomsky, through this intrinsic limit. Jackendoff (1994) offers another contention on the side of all inclusive sentence structure, the contention from expressive assortment. Jackendoff contends that given that dialects are recursive, there is just no chance to get of putting away the entirety of the potential sentences one can make in one’s brain. As it were, sentences don’t originate from propensities, but instead from innovative articulation. All inclusive sentence structure has had a great deal of capital in language securing hypothesis, in spite of the fact that it has been investigated on certain fronts. Connectionists, especially, N. Ellis (2006) has contended that language securing isn't because of a natural personnel and the imaginative articulation of people, yet likens it to an utilization based methodology where youngsters learning piecemeal every now and again reoccurring lumps of language. Another contention against the intrinsic language workforce is that UG specialists have asserted that solitary people approach punctuation, yet this has been seen not as obvious. Certain creatures, for example, the humpback whale and warblers have been found to have a recursive punctuation, proposing that sentence structure and language may have developed from lower request primates. Though all inclusive sentence structure starts with language from within, Sociocultural hypothesis, another unmistakable first language obtaining, sets language securing starts all things considered. Vygotsky, the organizer of sociocultural hypothesis, contends that language is a mental instrument, which kids procure and figure out how to control as they collaborate with their condition and with progressively able companions (Vygotsky, 1978). Kids initially learn language as they associate with their folks. Guardians use overseer discourse, which makes it simpler for the kid to comprehend and get a handle on a hang on the ideas of the language. As the kid comprehends and produce straightforward articulations, they can utilize the language to intercede their mental working (Vygotsky, 1978). Vygotsky contends that kids start learning language by first learning single words, which are unadulterated significance. As they build up their language abilities, and take part in social discourse, single word sentences are enlarged through fuse of non-important components, for example, functionâ words, and the child’s contemplations and words start to grow more sense implications. For example, where the word ‘cat’ for the 1 or multi year old youngster could have filled in as a model for all felines, when the kid is nine, and having experienced an assortment of encounters identified with feline, they have soaked u p the word with their own extraordinary faculties. Along these lines grammar and word faculties grow, the more a youngster learns. Presently, though social discourse started from one and formed into many, inward discourse, the discourse that goes on within our heads turns out to be increasingly shortened. Vygotsky contends, as opposed to Piaget, that egocentric discourse doesn't ‘disappear’ rather it becomes disguised as inward discourse. Furthermore, this inward discourse is something that couldn't be comprehended by anyone yet the individual who is thinking it. Vygotsky proposes that similarly as individuals who have known each other for a long time, and who have had a lot of encounters together show language propensities of abbreviated grammar as a result of their chronicled shared understanding, a person’s inward discourse likewise displays this trademark, yet even

What I Read When I Miss My Mother

What I Read When I Miss My Mother I lost my mom on November 9th, 2016. I remember the date because when I Skyped with her to say goodbye, I told her to hold on just a little longer to see a woman become president. Things were looking good for Hillary at that point (Mid-afternoon on November 8). Then they weren’t, and we don’t have to go through the rest. My dad called me very early the next morning telling me she was gone. For the first time in a long time, I cried for her. The election was something we would have agreed on. She would have loved voting for Hilary Clinton as much as she would have loved telling everyone within a few miles of her voice why voting for anyone else was a disaster. My mom had been battling with Huntington’s Disease for more than a decade. It’s a horrible genetic neurological disease that looks a lot like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease had a baby. She lived in a nursing home for at least eight years. I still feel guilty that I wasn’t equipped physically and mentally and emotionally to care for her. We were lucky to find a place for her that loved her and took great care for her. I feel guilty that I couldn’t be there for her in the end. We can go on and on about having a toddler and living three states away, but in the end, I know I could have tried harder and I know the darker answer was that I didnt want to be there, I didnt want to see my loud boisterous mother in that place.   I realize I wouldn’t win Best Daughter in the World by any stretch. Her disease made our relationship complicated on good days and volatile on the worst days. I’m still learning how to live outside of the emotional walls I’ve built for myself. However there are times when I yearn for that maternal figure in my life. I yearn for her, specifically. I yearn for her advice about life, for her smokers growl, and especially for the arguments we would get into. (My family is a special kind of weird.)   There are books that I go to when I feel like I need a warm hug from my mother. here are some of them. In Search of Our Mothers Gardens by Alice Walker. I stumbled across this book back in college while browsing the stacks. The title struck me as just what I needed at the time. Walker discusses art, writing, black feminism, and motherhood in 36 essays. Her prose is warm and endearing. She teaches me to be more aware of African American Literature and to embrace it, how to me a mother and a writer, and that living is a political act. If you want to be a better human being and youre interested in your writing making an impact on the world, this is a great book. It will humble you.   When Women Were Birds  by Terry Tempest Williams  is a memoir about her mother and her mothers voice through her empty journals. It is about family, nature, art and the complex relationship between a daughter and her mother.  When Women Were Birds  is the book that I go to when I am feeling grief. There is something about Terry Tempest Williamss prose and poetry that seems to say exactly what I am feeling. In a lot of ways, she is the mother that I would have chosen for myself if I had the chance. Trace by Lauret Edith Savoy discusses the land that we live on. As an Earth Historian, Savoy uncovers our ancestry and our impact on the land in America. Her research extends from African American slavery to Indigenous holdings to European colonialism on the land that makes up the United States. Her story discusses the ecological heritage that we have with the land we live on. I read this one when I need to be reminded of the mountains. Ive traveled far in my life, and sometimes reading about the land is the best way to go home.   Knitting Without Tears  by Elizabeth Zimmerman is part instruction book, part warm blanket. Elizabeth Zimmerman is considered the mother of all knitters. Weve looked to her for advice on knitting since before I can remember. Her writing is straight forward and simple, but encouraging and wildly insightful. There are chapters about garment sizing and swatching (which you must always do, knitters!). I choose this book if I am having problems with a knitting pattern, or if I just want someone to tell me its going to be okay, to knit on with confidence through all crises. She is the mother in my ear telling me that I can do it. That I can accomplish whatever task I set my brain to.   I am thankful for these group of women on my bookshelf. They give me the tools to cope with the complexities of life without having a mother figure for myself. What are some of the books that you fall into if you need answers but have no one to turn to?

The Nurse Leader s Responsibility Essay - 1608 Words

Today’s nurse leaders practice in very complex environments. Managers are asked to function in a way that presents their professional moral courage while providing an environment that is conducive to safe, quality patient care. The patient safety umbrella covers multiple portions of the health care industry. Because of the patient safety magnitude, health care systems are challenged to identify patient safety issues and solve them. As new problems arise they are often pushed under the patient safety umbrella. Nurse leaders are faced with determining how these patient safety additions affect them and their staff. Since patient safety and quality care are largely dependent upon the nursing staff, this paper will focus on the nurse leader’s responsibility to their staff and the legal implications when these responsibilities are not met. Aspects that determine whether or not a manager is successful in balancing their requirements include: staff hiring, training, evaluating, and disciplining; safe staffing levels; providing a safe workplace; successfully matching nursing skill with patient factors; and security of patient information. These areas are important in order for the leader and organization to remain in compliance with accrediting organizations as well as to defend against law suits which may ensue. Keywords: patient safety, workplace safety, staffing, patient information security NURSE MANAGER-EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES I. PATIENT SAFETY A. Magnitude B. BasicShow MoreRelatedLeadership And Management Approaches For Nursing1228 Words   |  5 Pagescan be avoidable compared to 36% of turnover considered to be unavoidable due to marriage, pregnancy, and other life events. (Booyens, S. (2007). Turnover. Cape Town: Juta Co, Ltd.). Nursing shortages and turnover continuous to present critical challenges in the all levels of healthcare. Several factors explain the cause of nursing turnover. Most of the time nurses supposed to work under stressful conditions for long hours, which can lead to job burnout and dissatisfaction results in making mistakesRead MoreNurse Management And Legal Responsibilities1368 Words   |  6 PagesNurse Management and Legal Responsibilities Health care has changed vastly over the years with advancements in all areas. Nurse management positions specifically must continue to evolve, and adapt to maintain the most efficient and safe care necessary. With areas of extreme growth, comes the increased responsibility to be aware and implement all legal considerations. The decisions and actions nurse managers make affect patients, themselves, and the entire health care system. 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A review of published studies of Patient-Focused Redesign (PFR) suggests that models differ across institutionsRead MoreEssay Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management1273 Words   |  6 PagesManagement The current and growing shortage of nurses is posing a real threat to the ability of hospitals, long-term care facilities, and others to provide timely access to quality care. Nurse staffing shortages and nurse turn-over contributes to the growing reduction in the number of staffed patient beds available for services, increasing costs, and rising concerns about the quality of care. Health care organizations highly depend on nurse managers and leaders to reverse this trend. This paper discussesRead MoreRoles and Responsibilities of Leadership and Management in a Hospital1684 Words   |  7 PagesRoles and responsibilities of leadership and management in a hospital Introduction Leadership is a process in which a person influences others socially so that they can support him or her to accomplish a task that is common to them. It is not compulsory for a leader to have formal authority for them to be able to organize people in the achievement of this common task. There are several theories that attempt to describe the concept of leadership. These include: Early western history theory, Rise

Classical Essay - 780 Words

CLASS 1110 Second Paper Assignment Shonell Maynard In the books; The Clouds written by Aristophanes, and The Apology, written by Plato, the philosopher Socrates is portrayed in two different ways. Plato, being a loyal follower of Socrates, portrays him as being a very simple man who is always open to learning new wisdom. However, Aristophanes portrays him as an atheist who practices sophistry along with a number of different crimes. People question whether or not Plato exaggerated the character of Socrates in an effort to gain sympathy for him, while others question if Aristophanes wrote the book The Clouds to slander Socrates’ character.†¦show more content†¦Sadly, by doing so, Socrates is badly portrayed; which causes other people to misjudge and accuse him of serious crimes. In The Apology, Socrates’ character is totally different from what Aristophanes described him to be. He seems to be a very ethical man who strongly believes in morality, and is always striving to learn more. By doing so, he uses the Socr atic dialogue; a method of constantly asking questions to gain more knowledge. Because of his method of question and answer, Socrates believed that he was not favored by majority of the people of Athens, stating â€Å"I am very unpopular with many people.† (The Apology: 28: B) Although Socrates knew that he would be tried guilty, he wanted to obey the law by defending himself. He strongly believed that if a person makes an agreement, then they are obligated to follow that agreement at all times, therefore the people of Athens should always follow the law. The fact that Socrates refused to break out of jail, showed the type of moral man he was. He knew that it would set a bad example for his children, and disagreed with the idea of breaking the law. Socrates argues that a person who defies the law is an enemy of their own state and if someone disagrees with the law, they should either fight for a change, or leave the state. â€Å"Moreover, I think you are betraying your sons by going away and leaving them, when you could bring them up and educate them.† (The Apology: 45: C) Crito explains to Socrates that it isShow MoreRelatedClassical Vs. Classical Conditioning1295 Words   |  6 Pages Classical Conditioning Behaviorism Classical conditioning is a type of learning through which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another. It can also be known as respondent conditioning. The stimulus is any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds. The components of classical conditioning are as follows: Unconditioned response (UR) which is a response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning. 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Study Case Free Essays

CHAPTER 2I HUI4AN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 903 Case Office Equipment Company (OEC) director (a U. S. national) of the office Equipment Company (oEc) in Lima, Peru (see Map 2l . We will write a custom essay sample on Study Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now l), announced suddenly that he would leave within one month. The company had to find a replacement. OEC manufactures a wide variety of small office 1997, the managing ln equipment (such as copying machines, recording machines, mail scales, and paper shredders) in eight different countries and distributes and sells products worldwide. lt has no manufacturing facilities in Peru but has been selling and servicing there since the early 1970s. OEC first tried selling in Peru through independent importers but quickly became convinced that in order to make sufficient sales it needed to have its own staffthere. Despite Peru’s political turmoil, which at times has bordered on being a full-scale civil war, OEC’S operation there (with about 100 employees) has enjoyed good and improving sales and profitability. OEC is constructing its first factory in Peru that is scheduled to begin operations in early 1999. This factory will import components for personal computer printers and assemble them locally. Peru offers an abundant supply of cheap labor, and the assembly oPeration will employ approximately 150 people. The government will allow up to I0 percent of the output to be sold locally. By assembling locally and then exporting, oEC expects to be able to ward off trade restrictions on the other office equipment it imports for sale within Peru. This plant! construction is being supervised by a U. S. rechnical ream, and a U. S. expatriate will be assigned to direct the production. This director will report directly to OEC’s U. S. eadquarters on all production and quality-control matrers but will rePort to the managing director in Peru on all other matters, such as accounting, finance, and labor relations. OEC, by policy, will replace the exiting managing director with an internal candidate. The company employs a combination of home-, host-, and third-country nationals in top positions in foreign countries, and managers commonly rotate among foreign and U. S. locations. ln fact , it has been increasingly evident to OEC that international experience is an important factor in deciding who will be appointed to top corporate positions. The sales and service facility in Peru reports to a Latin American regional office located in Coral Gables, Florida. A committee at this office, charged with selecting the new managing direc- tor, quickly narrowed its choice to five candidates. Tom A thirty-year OEC veteran, Zimmerman is well versed in all the technical and sales aspects required in the job. He has never worked abroad for OEC but has visited various of the company’s foreign facilities as part of sales teams. He is consid- Zimmerman ered competent and will retire in about four and a half years. Neither he nor his wife speaks Spanish. Their children are grown and living with their own children in the United States. Zimmerman currently is in charge of an operation that is aboutthe size of that in Peru after the new factory begins operating. However, Zimmerman’s present position will become redundant because the operation he heads is being merged with another. Brett Harrison Harrison, 40, has spent fifteen years at OEC. Considered highly compehas tent and capable of moving into upper-level management within the next few years, he 904 PART 7 FUNCTIONAL I’. ANAGEI’1 ENT, OPERATIONS. AND CONCERNS PERU Population 22. 3 million Monetary unit New sol Major languages Span ish Quech ua Aymara Largest city Lima Major industrial areas Arequipa Chimbote Cuzco lquitos Lima Talara Map 2l. l Peru never been based abroad but has worked for the last three years in the Latin American regional office and frequently travels to Latin America. Both he and his wife speak Spanis h adequately, and their two children, ages I 4 and I 5, are just beginning to study the His wife holds a responsible marketing position with a pharmaceuticals company. Carolyn language. Moyer Moyer joined OEC twelve years ago after getting her MBA from a pres- tigious university. 4t37, she has already moved between staffand line positions of growing responsibility. For two years, she was second in command of a product group that was aboutthe size of the newly expanded one in Peru. Her performance in that. postwas considered excellent. Currently, she works on a planning staffteam. When she joined OEC, she indicated her interest in eventual international responsibilities because of her undergraduate major in international affairs. She has recently expressed interest in international duties because of a belief it will help her advancement. She speaks Spanish well and is unmarried. Francisco Cabrera Cabrera, 35, currently is an assistant managing director in the larger Mexican operation, which produces and sells for the Mexican market. A Mexican cit- for OEC in Mexico for all his twelve years with the company. He holds an MBA from a Mexican university and is considered to be a likely candidate to head the Mexican operation when the present managing diiector retires in seven years. He is married with four children (ages 2 to 7) and speaks English adequately. His wife does not work izen, he has worked outside the home or speak English. CHAPTER 2I HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 905 Juan Moreno At27, Moreno is assistant to the present managing director in Peru. He has held that position since joining OEC upon his U. S. college graduation four years ago. Unmarried, he is considered competent, especially in employee relations, but lacking in experience. He had been successful in increasing OEC’s sales, in part because he is well connected with local families who can afford to buy new office equipment for their businesses. Questions l. Which candidate should ihe committee choose for the assignment, and whyl 2. What problems might each candidate encounter in the position? 3. 4. How might OEC go about minimizing the problems that each candidate would have in managing the Peruvian operations? Calculate an estimated compensation package for each candidate based on the following additional inf6rmation: Present annual salaries: Zimmerman, U5$70,000; Harrison, US$75,000; Moyer, US$65,000; Cabrera, M$ I 24,000; Moreno, 557,000 a Exchange rates: $ I: M$3. 1 (Mexican pesos);$ I: S 1. 9 (Peruvian new sols) o f income for a family of one, 40 percent for a family of two, 45 percent for a family of four, and 50 percent for a family of five or more: Washington, D. C. : 100; Lima : 86;Mexico City :77 U. S. Department, of State foreign-service premiums for Peru: hardship : l5 percent; danger: l5 percent U. S. Department of State cost-of-living index based on items covering 35 percent a a o Schooling allowance: age 6-12 : US$5000;ag e 3-18 : US$9000 Average tax rates: Mexico : 20 percenq United States : 25 percent; Peru : I Housing allowance (nontaxable): single : US$ 12,100;family : US$ 15,000 0 percent Chapter Notes l. The data for the case were taken from Edwin McDowell, â€Å"Making lt in America: The Foreign-Born Executive,† New York Times, June I, 1980, Section 3, p. l+; Don Whitehead, The Dow Story (New York McGraw-Hill, I968); â€Å"Lundeen Urges More Aid for Universities,† Chemrcal Marlceting Reporter, Yol. 224, No. 19, November 7, 1983, p. 3+;Paul L. Blocklyn, â€Å"Developing the lnternational Executive,† Personnel, Vol. 66, March 1989, pp. September 14,1992, p. 5; â€Å"Popoffon Challenges for Dow and for the lndusvy|’ Chemical Wee( May 18, 1994, pp. 26-28; and Susan J. Sinsworth, â€Å"lssues Management ls Central to Frank Popoff’s Globalization Strategy,† Chemlcol Engineering News, Vol. 72, No. 21, May 23, 1994, pp. 25–29. 2. Gary R. Oddou and Mark E. Mendenhall, â€Å"Succession Planning for the 2 l st Cen- European Management lournol, Yol. I 4, No. 4, August 1996, pp. 365-373. 4. â€Å"Globesmanship,† Across the Board, Yol. 27, Nos. l, 2, January-February 1990, p. 26, quoting Michael Angus. 5. Daniel Ondrack, â€Å"lnternational Transfers of Managers in North American and European MNEs,† Journol of lnternailonol Business Studies, Vol. 16, No. 3, Fall 1985, pp. l-19;andJohn M. Hannon, lngChung Huang, and Bih-Shiaw Jaw, â€Å"lnternational Human Resource Strategy and Its Determinants: The Case of Subsidiaries in Taiwan,†Journal of lnternotionol Business Studies, Vol. 26, No. 3, Third Quarter 1995, pp. 53 l-554. 4447; â€Å"Globesmanship,† Across the Boor4 Vol. 27, Nos. l,2,January-February 1990, pp. 24-34;William Storck, â€Å"Dow Chemical Changes Executive Lineup,† Chemical ond Engineering News, tury: How Well Are We Grooming Our Future Business Leadersl† Business Horizons, January-February I 99 I, pp. 26-34. 3. Gordon Petrash, â€Å"Dow’s Journey to a Knowledge Value Management Culture,† How to cite Study Case, Essay examples

The One Child Policy Essay Sample free essay sample

The One Child Policy has been in topographic point in China since 1962. The policy has become a mixed-blessing for that state. The ‘Little Emperor’ syndrome has become prevailing but in world these ‘Little Emperor’ will subsequently turn up to go ‘Little Eunuchs. ’ This paper will reason that. based on the Chinese Experiment. a one kid policy is incorrect and being an lone kid is harmful to a child’s well-being. The One Child policy has resulted in a drastic bead in China’s Total Fertility Rate ( TFR ) . From 5 Children to 1. 7 birth per adult female. an about 70 % bead in TFR ( Has China’s one-child policy worked? ) . It is estimated that China’s population is over 400 Million less than it should be had the policy non been implemented ( Has China’s one-child policy worked? ) . Although there are ways of overthrowing the policy in general the public follows fearing the heavy ‘social maintainance revenue enhancement ( Qiang ) ’ For illustration. We will write a custom essay sample on The One Child Policy Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page wealthy Chinese travel to other states to hold their kids to liberate them from the limitation of the one Child regulation ( Qiang ) . However. despite the great decrease in population and the attendant economic. in footings of GDP. growing. The one kid policy has non been without its costs. For illustration. the current ratio of males to females in China is 1. 134 to 1 for those under 15 old ages ( CIA ) . This is a consequence the traditional male prejudice of the Chinese. Since adult females can non. realistically. command the gender of the kid they give birth to. what so happened to the misss? The upseting fact is that they are aborted or if given the opportunity to be born they are thrown off similar refuse ( Yardley ) . In fact. those rural males who were born in the last 20 old ages run a really existent hazard of turning up ‘little eunuchs’ because there are no adult females in their countries for them to get married. Ignoring the too bad destiny of these unborn misss. the male childs and misss. who are lucky plenty to populate. besides suffer maladies because of being an lone kid. The Small Emperor Syndrome ( Lim ) is a popular term used to depict the Children who grew up under the one Child policy in the more flush vicinities of China. For illustration. person who was born in Beijing in recent old ages. A Small Emperor is defined as spoilt. egoistic and seldom capable of holding normal dealingss with his equals ( Lim ) . A Small Emperor is the consequence of the blending between the one kid policy and the rapid economic growing experience in these countries. The parents of a Small Emperor are typically professionals or extremely paid working category persons who saw their rewards quickly lifting and their disbursement power addition exponentially. Having grown up in a deprived centrally planned economic system they have a feeling of want when they were younger ( Lim ) . Hence. they would wish to better supply for their kid and because he is an lone kid with two well paid parents the sum of stuff indulgence can be rather important. Contrast this with a household of four kids with every bit good gaining parents. The parents would non be able to give the material things granted to an lone kid because their financess would be divided by four. In fact. it is an recognized regulation that an Lone Child will normally be populating half an economic category higher than if he had brothers or sisters. For illustration. a Upper Class C merely child can really behave his life manner as if he were a lower Class B because his parents can afford to featherbed him more. The Little Emperor Syndrome is non limited to China. In the US and in Europe TFR’s are worsening. Many adult females in the US and Europe choose their callings over holding kids early on and as a consequence have trouble bearing kids. Increased economic prosperity has besides resulted in a lessening in figure of kids. Even in Western states The Little Emperor is really at a disadvantage. With today’s gyrating costs of instruction The small Emperor is at an advantage since as mentioned earlier his parents are better able to supply for him. He will hold entrees. if he so desires. to a higher degree of instruction in Universities. The Small Emperor. much later on. will besides hold the blessing of inheriting all his parents assets after they pass off. However. his advantages are non with out cost. Since both his parents are likely to be working. The Small Emperor has no 1 to look after him except for a baby-sitter. this deficiency of emotional bonding with his household will hold effects subsequently on in life. Furthermore. with no older siblings he must seek equal company elsewhere and put on the line coming into contact with Gangs or other illicit elements. With the parents so busy working they may non be able to observe marks of delinquency in their kids until it is excessively late. The Little Emperor is munificent with material goods by difficult working parents. However. there is a really existent possibility that the parents are non able to run into the child’s emotional demands. In fact. it is rather possible that parents can be wholly absent in his life with the exclusion of the material goods they give him. For deficiency of a better term. an lone kid deficiencies love. By comparing a kid with siblings will be able to organize emotional bonds with them. Leting for a more wholesome development for the kids. Subsequently in life the kids can besides trust on each other for common support and encouragement as they go about their grownup lives. After all. blood is still thicker than H2O. In decision. as shown by the Chinese illustration being an lone kid is incorrect. A Small Emperor may derive economic advantages but these advantages are outweighed be the psychological and emotional loads that an lone kid must bear. Reference List Has China’s one-child policy worked? Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7000931. short-term memory ( last accessed 29 Nov 07 ) See Guo Qiang Are the rich disputing household planning policy? Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. chinadaily. com. cn/china/2006-12/28/content_770107. htm ( Last Accessed 29 Nov 07 ) JIM YARDLEY â€Å"Today’s Face of Abortion in China Is a Young. Unmarried Woman† New York Times 13 May 2007 available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nytimes. com/2007/05/13/world/asia/13abortion. hypertext markup language? _r=1 A ; oref=slogin Lim. Louisa. â€Å"Mental wellness frights in China† . BBC. 11 October. 2004. available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bbc. co. uk/worldservice/learningenglish/newsenglish/witn/2004/10/041011_china_children. shtml ( last accessed 29 Nov 07 ) â€Å"World Fact Book: China† . CIA. available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Central Intelligence Agency. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch. hypertext markup language ( last accessed 29 Nov 07 )

How We Have Bubble Gum Today

How We Have Bubble Gum Today In the early 1900s, Americans could not get enough of the modern-day variation on the lip-smacking confection called bubble or chewing gum popularized by Thomas Adams. The popular treat has a long history and has come in many forms over time. Earliest Record of Chewing Gum A variation of chewing gum has been used by ancient civilizations and cultures around the world. It is believed that the earliest evidence we have of chewing gum dates back to the Neolithic  period. Archeologists discovered  6,000-year-old chewing gum made from  birch bark tar, with tooth imprints  in Finland. The tar from which the gums were made is believed to have antiseptic properties and other medicinal benefits. Ancient Cultures   Several ancient cultures used chewing gum regularly. It is known that the ancient Greeks chewed mastiche, a chewing gum made from the resin of the mastic tree. The ancient Mayans chewed chicle, which is the sap of the sapodilla tree. Modernization of Chewing Gum In addition to the ancient Greeks and Mayans, chewing gum can be traced back to a variety of civilizations around the world, including the Eskimos, South Americans, Chinese and Indians from South Asia. The modernization and commercialization of this product mainly took place in the United States. Native Americans chewed resin made from the sap of spruce trees. In 1848, American John B. Curtis picked up on this practice and made and sold the first commercial chewing gum called the State of Maine Pure Spruce Gum. Two years later, Curtis started selling flavored paraffin gums, which became more popular than spruce gums. In 1869, Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna introduced Thomas Adams to chicle, as a rubber substitute. It did not take off as a use for rubber, instead, Adams cut chicle into strips and he marketed it as Adams New York Chewing Gum in 1871. Potential Health Benefits Gum can be credited for several health benefits, such as potentially increasing cognition and brain function after chewing the gum. An additive and sugar substitute xylitol has been found to reduce cavities and plaque in teeth.   Another known effect of chewing gum is that it increases saliva production. Increased saliva can be a good way to keep the mouth fresh, which is helpful for reducing halitosis (bad breath). Increased saliva production has also been found to be helpful following surgery involving the digestive system and for the possible reduction of digestive disorders, such as GERD, also known as acid reflux. Timeline of Gum in Modern Times Date Chewing Gum Innovation December 28, 1869 William Finley Semple became the first person to patent a chewing gum, U.S. patent No. 98,304 1871 Thomas Adams patented a machine for the manufacture of gum 1880 John Colgan invented a way to make chewing gum taste better for a longer period of time while being chewed 1888 Adams chewing gum called Tutti-Frutti became the first chew to be sold in a vending machine. The machines were located in a New York City subway station. 1899 Dentyne gum was created by New York druggist Franklin V. Canning 1906 Frank Fleer invented the first bubble gum called Blibber-Blubber gum. However, the bubble blowing chew was never sold. 1914 Wrigley Doublemint brand was created. William Wrigley, Jr. and Henry Fleer were responsible for adding the popular mint and fruit extracts to a chicle chewing gum 1928 Walter Diemer, employee of Fleers company, invented the successful pink colored Double Bubble bubble gum. 1960s U.S. manufacturers switched to butadiene-based synthetic rubber as a base for gum, because it was cheaper to manufacture

Definition and Discussion of Feminist Rhetoric

Definition and Discussion of Feminist Rhetoric Feminist rhetoric is the study and practice of feminist discourses in public and private life. In content, says Karlyn Kohrs Campbell*, feminist rhetoric drew its premises from a radical analysis of patriarchy, which identified the man-made world as one built on the oppression of women...In addition, it incorporates a style of communication known as consciousness-raising (Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, 1996). See Examples and Observations below. Also, the following readings provide examples and related concepts: Seneca Falls ResolutionsLanguage and Gender StudiesSusan B. Anthony and the struggle for womens right to voteRogerian Argument Examples and Observations The following examples and observations consider feminist rhetoric through different lenses, offering more contexts for understanding. Evolution of Feminist Rhetoric In the 1980s, feminist rhetoric scholars began making three moves: writing women into the history of rhetoric, writing feminist issues into theories of rhetoric, and writing feminist perspectives into rhetorical criticism. Initially, these scholars drew on feminist scholarship from other disciplines...Once inspired, however, feminist rhetoric scholars began writing scholarship from the site of rhetoric and composition... In the midst of this scholarly activity, intersections of rhetoric and feminist studies have been institutionalized within rhetoric and composition studies, thanks largely to the work of the Coalition of Women Scholars in the History of Rhetoric and Composition, which was organized by Winifred Horner, Jan Swearingen, Nan Johnson, Marjorie Curry Woods, and Kathleen Welch in 1988-1989 and was carried on by scholars such as Andrea Lunsford, Jackie Royster, Cheryl Glenn, and Shirley Logan. In 1996, the first edition of the coalitions newsletter, Peitho, was published by [Susan] Jarratt. Source: Krista Ratcliffe, The Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries. The Present State of Scholarship in the History of Rhetoric: A Twenty-First Century Guide, ed. by Lynà ©e Lewis Gaillet with Winifred Bryan Horner. University of Missouri Press, 2010 Rereading the Sophists We see a more community-based social version of feminist ethics in Susan Jarratts Rereading the Sophists. Jarratt views sophistic rhetoric as a feminist rhetoric and one with significant ethical implications. The sophists believed that law and truth derived from nomoi, local habits or customs that could change from city to city, region to region. The philosophers in the Platonic tradition, of course, challenged this sort of relativism, insisting on the ideal of Truth (logos, universal laws that would be acommunal). Source: James E. Porter, Rhetorical Ethics and Internetworked Writing. Ablex, 1998 Reopening the Rhetorical Canon The feminist rhetorical canon has been guided by two primary methodologies. One is feminist rhetorical recovery of previously ignored or unknown women rhetors. The other is theorizing of womens rhetorics, or what some have called gendered analysis, which involve developing a rhetorical concept or approach that accounts for rhetors who are excluded from traditional rhetoric. Source: K.J. Rawson, Queering Feminist Rhetorical Canonization. Rhetorica in Motion: Feminist Rhetorical Methods Methodologies, ed. by Eileen E. Schell and K.J. Rawson. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010 [F]eminist rhetoric frequently occurs away from the platforms and statehouses of government. Feminist scholarship in rhetorical studies, as Bonnie Dow reminds us, must turn its attention to the variety of contexts in which feminist struggle occurs. Source: Anne Teresa Demo, The Guerrilla Girls Comic Politics of Subversion. Visual Rhetoric: A Reader in Communication and American Culture, ed. by Lester C. Olson, Cara A. Finnegan, and Diane S. Hope. Sage, 2008 A Feminist Rhetoric of Motives A feminist rhetoric of motives can recover the voices and philosophies of women in classical antiquity by restoring to feminine traits and voices the honor of a tradition (see [Marilyn] Skinner) and by granting them the human quality of agency (see, e.g., [Judith] Hughes). [James L.] Kinneavy wants to recover the positive aspects of persuasion under the heading of the audiences volition, free will, and assent, and is successful in this enterprise by borrowing for pisteuein [belief] elements gleaned from scanning forward into Christian pistis. The feminine aspects of persuading that have been denigrated as seduction can be similarly rescued through an examination of the close ties among emotion, love, adhesion, and persuasion in the pre-Socratic lexicon. Source: C. Jan Swearingen, Pistis, Expression, and Belief. A Rhetoric of Doing: Essays on Written Discourse in Honor of James L. Kinneavy, ed. by Stephen P. Witte, Neil Nakadate, and Roger D. Cherry. Southern Illinois University Press, 1992

Business Codes of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Codes of Ethics - Essay Example A well designed code of ethics will help highlight the resources available to achieve various goals set at the personal and corporate levels. A good code of ethics document will inspire confidence in all business associates – like suppliers, clients and employees. The rest of the essay will critically analyze the codes of ethics of two accounting firms and evaluate their merits in the process. The two firms chosen for the exercise are KPMG and Grant Thornton (Budd, 2007). â€Å"At KPMG, our promise of professionalism to each other, our clients, and the capital markets we serve, compels us to align our culture of integrity with our values, words, and actions. By setting high standards for ourselves, and our clients, our commitment to upholding KPMG’s values is clear: There is never a situation when compromising our standards is either expected or acceptable. To support our culture of integrity, KPMG has further developed a robust ethics program that includes our Code of Conduct, as well as the Ethics and Compliance Hotline†. (Budd, 2007) The above passage captures the essence of what KPMG stands for as an organization. The language is unambiguous and the sentences are well structured – two essential qualities for business writing. It also makes it clear how imperative ethics are to the firm – not compromising their standards in any situation. Keeping pace with the times they have developed a easy to use Ethics and Compliance Hotline, which can be availed by all business associates. So, in this regard, KPMG adheres to international standards of maintaining ethical business conduct (Shearer, 2002). â€Å"Being at the cutting edge of professional development is vital for an accounting and advisory organization operating in a dynamic business and regulatory environment. By taking an active role in entities that liaise with regulators, promoting high-quality professional standards and insisting upon high standards of ethical behavior, senior

Case study ( Examining Students Learning Development )

( Examining Students Learning Development ) - Case Study Example This helps the instructor plan for the activities in the lesson and the form of assessment that he will use to gauge the student understanding (Vinson, 2015). The domain chosen here was the science domain in the broad academic domain. Different children have different qualities and abilities. The term exceptional or special, therefore, covers both of the two groups and is a huge factor in teaching planning (Heward, 2006). It is unavoidable that in the process of teaching every instructor has the chance of working with some exceptional or low ability students or students with special needs. There is a need to provide for a package designed for these diverse students. Different characteristics of students with extraordinary needs and characteristics that influenced my planning included a child with dyslexia, who had difficulty in acquiring the literacy skills and felt abused by the other students due to her inability to learn. The result was that she felt demoralized and unable to participate in class since she felt intimidated by the others. The other student who influenced my planning was a child with Downs syndrome. Children with Downs syndrome usually take longer to learn in class and introduction of new concepts need to be done in steps. This child with Downs syndrome had difficulties in expressing himself verbally, which was also a necessary aspect to look at in planning my class. In teaching my science lesson, I chose an afternoon where we could have a long session in the lab. The lab was a necessary resource. The main reason for choosing this reaching context is its relevance in teaching science. In this context, I divided my students into groups. The student with Downs syndrome and the student with dyslexia were also grouped. The other reason for my choice of teaching context was the ease of using charts and hands-on learning in the lab compared to the class environment. The lab also

Rates of Reaction Experiment :: Papers

Rates of Reaction Experiment Rate of reaction means the rate of formation of a product/disappearance of a reactant, this is useful because we can time the different concentrations reacting with the acid, and give each of them a rate, based on the formula rate = 1/time. Rate of reaction is what we use to measure how quickly a reaction takes to reach a certain point in the reaction in this case it is when it gets to certain cloudiness. In this investigation, we will need to measure the time of the reaction, so we can make a rate for it, to do this we use the formula, - rate = 1/time * 1000, we use the *1000 so that it is a manageable number to plot on a graph if necessary. It is generally measured in time, as this is the only means possible to us; however you must be careful because as heat is a catalyst, it strongly affects the rate as you will see in the results, so we have to try and keep it the same throughout the experiment. The reaction we are studying is very easy to monitor and time. All of the products in the solution dissolve into it (sodium chloride, sulphur dioxide and water), apart from sulphur, which makes the solution go cloudy, and forms a precipitate. This can be written down as s-1for example 15.7 s-1means 15.7 per second is the rate of the reaction. The rate is generally measured by selecting a certain amount of two substances, and finding a suitable way of judging when the reaction has finished, the reaction is then timed, and when you have a time, you put it into the formula rate = 1/time *1000.This is the only method available to us, because it can not be done any other way for this experiment, but others may be measured in different ways, i.e. mass loss, or amount of gas evolved could be measured. The Equations for this experiment are: Sodium thiosulphate + Hydrochloric acid à   Sodium chloride + sulphur +

Comparison Between 1920s and 1930s

Michelle Heredia The 1920’s was the first decade to have a nickname such as â€Å"Roaring 20’s† or â€Å"Jazz Age. † For many Americans, the 1920’s was a decade of prosperity and confidence. But for others this decade seemed to bring cultural conflicts, nativists against immigrants, religious liberals against fundamentalists and rural provincials against urban cosmopolitans. There was a drastic change in economy through the course of 1920 to 1930. During 1930 the great depression had turned the American dream into a nightmare and what once was the land of opportunity had become the land of desperation.Both 1920’s and 1930’s have been characterized for radical political movements. Also throughout the course of these two decades entertainment was a big hit. Celebration was a big part of the 1920’s and due to this, many different behaviors were developed among these large populations, dancing became a big thing, people loved to dan ce especially the Charleston, Fox-trot and Shimmy. Dance marathons were something people went to every weekend. The radio became very popular as well; people liked listening to Jazz, especially the king of Jazz, Louis Armstrong.People also tuned in to listen to sports and live events. Movies were also a big thing during this decade. Parlor games and board games were popular in the 1930’s, people gathered around the radio to listen to the Yankees. Young people danced to big bands. The golden age of the mystery novel continued as people escaped into books, reading writers like Agatha Christie, Dashielle Hammett and Raymond Chandler. Big band or swing became very popular. Meanwhile there were also many differences between the two decades. During the 1920’s for the first time more Americans lived in cities rather than on farms.For many Americans the growth of cities, the rise of a consumer culture, the increase of mass entertainment and the so-called â€Å"revolution in m orals and manners† represented liberation from the restrictions of the country’s Victorian past. Sexual mores, gender roles, hair styles, and dressing all changed. In this decade penicillin was discovered and also the insulin for diabetics. The nation’s wealth more than doubled and this economic growth brought many Americans into an affluent but unfamiliar consumer society. October 29, 1929 later became known as black Thursday, the stock market began its downhill drop.Many people believed that after this day prices would rise again as it had occurred in the past, but instead prices kept dropping. America had celebrated for eight years, but now everything was wasted in just weeks by the stock market. It was the sad ending to the glorious decade. Yet the beginning of the 1930’s, in the beginning one quarter of all wage-earning workers were unemployed and money was scarce because of the depression. During the great depression the American dream had now become a nightmare what once was the land of opportunity had turned into the land of desperation.President Herbert Hoover did not do much to alleviate the crisis, he only argued that there was patience and self reliance needed to get them through this incident. But in 1932, Americans elected a new president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who pledged to use the power of the federal government to make Americans’ lives better. Over the next nine years Roosevelt’s New Deal created a new role for government in American life. Many Americans looked at the 1920’s as a decade of confidence and prosperity. However the end of the decade brought about big changes economically, politically, and socially.

College Athletes Should Not Be Banned - 1653 Words

Every year NCAA brings in approximately $6 billion from highly anticipated sports events, such as this month’s NCAA tournament â€Å"March Madness†, for example.1 While brackets will be broken, nets will be slashed, and the championship team will be crowned, ultimately the real winner from college events like these is the NCAA itself. While the relentless student-athletes train rigorously day and night to represent their schools, the athletes who participate do not see a single penny, even though they are the ones who â€Å"†¦risk career-ending injuries every time they onto the court, field, or rink.† The NCAA forces all ‘amateur’ college athletes to sign a contract, forbidding monetary compensation for their efforts and restricting them from any sponsorship deals with payouts. This has posed a dilemma since the early 1900s, because some of the best collegiate athletes have been dirt poor, while the NCAA program has continued to make millions off of the names of athletes who cannot afford to feed their own families. As a solution, all NCAA athletes deserve to be paid. In the event that there were only one reason that college athletes ought to be paid, it is that both the NCAA and the college itself utilizes players’ name and status for its own financial benefit. Whether it is selling players jerseys or signing autographs, the NCAA is successfully profiting off of the player whose number is on the shirt, without giving any cut to the player himself. An eleven billion dollar industryShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Banned?1289 Words   |  6 PagesNCAA student athletes in the United States, and none of them are paid for what they do. College athletics take up a good portion of the sports world that audiences consume every day. 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Weiner gives four proposals on how to take back sports they are the following: De-professionalize college and high school sports, allow some form of public ownership of profe ssionalRead MoreEffects Of Gambling On College Students861 Words   |  4 Pagesnot make it right for people to engage in such activities. This is especially important, since gambling among college students is constantly growing with the rise of internet-based gambling. According to Carmen Messerlian more than ever, the opportunity to be exposed and to engage in gambling activities for students is present. This is of particular concern, due to the fact that college student develop gambling problems at about twice the rate of other adults. Who benefits from theRead MoreEffects Of Gambling On College Students861 Words   |  4 Pagesnot make it right for people to engage in such activities. This is especially important, since gambling among college students is constantly growing with the rise of internet-based gambling. 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Some argue that the problem would be that not every school can afford to give college athletes a decent compensation in every sport; forRead MoreThe Responsibilities Of Being A College Athletes967 Words   |  4 PagesThe Responsibilities of Being a College Athletes As a college athlete you have so many rules to follow, but how do you know if you are breaking a rule? What if someone came up to you and said you had the opportunity to play at a professional level, what should you do? There are so many companies and pro teams that want the best athletes to be on their team or wanting the athlete to wear their gear. As a college athlete we all know that we cannot play for money; if we do we are considered as a professional